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Hazard form of lightning

Lightning can be divided into cloud flash, cloud to cloud flash and cloud to ground flash. The former does great harm to aircraft, while the latter does great harm to buildings (structures), electronic and electrical equipment, people and livestock. There are about 8 million cloud to ground lightning on earth every day, with an average of 100 times per second.
Lightning current is always discharged to the earth through the path with the closest distance and the most conductive path. The sections with more conductive particles in the air, towering objects on the ground and low resistivity on the ground and underground are prone to lightning.
Lightning intrusion into buildings (structures), equipment, people and livestock on the ground will cause disasters, mainly in the following forms:
Direct lightning strike (including direct lightning strike and side lightning strike) – in the lightning activity area, the electric shock phenomenon caused by lightning discharge directly to the ground through human body, buildings (structures), equipment, etc. is direct lightning strike.
Indirect lightning strike – lightning current intrudes into buildings (structures) through electrostatic induction, electromagnetic induction, electromagnetic pulse radiation, lightning overvoltage intrusion, lightning counterattack and other forms (collectively referred to as inductive lightning), causing damage to buildings (structures) and equipment components or personal casualties.
The severity of lightning disaster is reflected in its great destructiveness. It is characterized by high lightning discharge voltage, large amplitude of lightning current, rapid change, short discharge time and large steepness of lightning current waveform. The destructive effect of lightning lies in the physical effects such as strong current, hot high temperature, violent shock wave, drastic electromagnetic field and strong electromagnetic radiation, which brings great harm to human society, causing casualties, huge damage, fire and explosion and serious losses. Disasters affect almost all sectors of society, such as aviation, chemical industry, transportation, petroleum, and animal husbandry. With the development of high technology, lightning disasters become more and more serious.